This monograph comprehensively examines the theoretical, methodological, and applied foundations of evidence and proof in criminal proceedings. It analyzes the concept, nature, and classification of evidence, as well as issues of its collection, verification, and evaluation, taking into account modern digital technologies and current law enforcement practice. Particular attention is paid to comparative legal aspects, international experience, issues of presumption, prejudice, and ethical standards of evidence. This monograph is intended for a wide range of readers: researchers, law school professors, doctoral students, master's students, and undergraduate students studying criminal procedure and evidence theory. It is also of practical interest to judges, prosecutors, investigators, defense attorneys, and other law enforcement officials directly involved in proving evidence in criminal cases.