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IMAGE ESTIMATION BY EXAMPLE: Geophysical soundings image construction

We make discoveries about reality by examining the discrepancy between theory and practice. There is a well-developed theory about the difference between theory and practice, and it is called “geophysical inverse theory”. In this book we investigate the practice of the difference between theory and practice. As the folklore tells us, there is a big difference. There are already many books on the theory, and often as not, they end in only one or a few applications in the author’s specialty. In this book on practice, we examine data and results from many diverse applications. I have adopted the discipline of suppressing theoretical curiosities until I find data that requires it (except for a few concepts at chapter ends).

INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS BIOLOGY Workbook for Flipped-Classroom Teaching

The content of this book was developed over more than 15 years of teaching the course “Introduction to Systems Biology”, first at the University of Stuttgart and then mainly at the University of Luxembourg. This course aims to introduce key mathematical concepts of systems biology to students with mainly biology backgrounds. Easily accessible toy examples are used to illustrate these concepts in a straightforward way. Some of these examples, as well as some of the ideas in the book, come from colleagues, whom we would like to thank very much for sharing their work.

Introduction to Groups, Invariants and Particles

This introduction to Group Theory, with its emphasison Lie Groups and their application to the study of symmetries of the fundamental constituents of matter, has its originin a one -semester course that I taught at Yale University for more than ten years. The course was developed for Seniors, and advanced Juniors, majoring in the Physical Sciences. The students had generally completed the core courses for their majors, and had taken intermediate level courses in Linear Algebra, Real and Complex Analysis , Ordinary Linear Differential Equations, and some of the Special Functions of Physics. Group Theory was not a mathematical requirement for a degree in the Physical Sciences. The majority of existing undergraduate textbooks on Group Theory and its applications in Physics tend to be either highly qualitative or highly mathematical. The purpose of this introduction is to steer a middle course that provides the student with a sound mathematical bas is for studying the symmetry properties of the fundamental particles. It is not generally appreciated by Physicists that continuous transformation groups (Lie Groups) originated in the Theory of Differential Equations. The infinitesimal generators of Lie Groups the refore have forms that involve differential operators and their commutators, and these operators and their algebraic properties have found, and continue to find, a natural place in the development of Quantum Physics.

Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.–Mexico Border

The panel held its first in-person meeting (in conjunction with a public workshop) in November 2011. It held a second in-person meeting in Janu- ary 2012. Several panel members participated in a field trip to the Tucson and San Diego sectors of the U.S.–Mexico border prior to the January meet- ing and had an opportunity to meet with U.S.

MOVING PLACES Relations, Return and Belonging

This book is based on the premise that it is not only people who move but that places also shift their locations in what can be seen as a ‘meshwork’ of spatial and social relations (cf. Ingold 2009, 2011). We approach places as produced by, and conceptualized through, social and spatial relations; when movements induce changes in relation configurations, they also alter the places and reposition them in this meshwork.

The Cultural Politics of Anti-Elitism

This book examines the highly ambivalent implications and effects of anti-elitism. It draws on this theme as a cross-cutting entry point to provide transdisciplinary analysis of current conjunctures and their contradictions, drawing on examples from popular culture and media, politics, fashion, labour and spatial arrangements.

IMPLEMENTING THE NEW BIOLOGY Decadal Challenges Linking Food, Energy, and the Environment

This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee.

WHERE IS EVERYBODY?

This book is about the Fermi paradox — the contradiction between the apparent absence of aliens, and the common expectation that we should see evidence of their existence. I was fascinated by the paradox when I first met it some 17 years ago, and it fascinates me still. Over those years, many authors (too many to mention here, though their names appear in the reference list at the back of this book) have enthralled me with their writing about the paradox. Their influence upon this work will be clear. I have also discussed the paradox with many friends and colleagues; although they are too numerous to mention individually, I am indebted to them all.

Wohnen in Hamburg Akteure, Instrumente und Konfl iktfelder

Den studentischen Hilfskräften am Arbeitsgebiet Geschichte und Th eorie der Stadt der HafenCity Universität Hamburg (HCU), Paula Haentjes, Bruno Koeltzsch, Katharina Kudravzev und Julia Rosner, danken wir sehr für engagierte Recherchen und redaktio- nelle Mitarbeit.

How Buildings Work

Over the past quarter century, the practice of building has undergone significant changes in several areas, notably mechanical, electrical, and communications systems. Researchers have added to our knowledge of building function. New areas of social concern have emerged, especially for buildings that are accessible by all, and for building in a sustainable manner. This third edition, in the tradition of its predecessors, sticks to the basics, but includes hundreds of changes both large and small that reflect the current state of the art and science of building. I have retained the basic organization of the original volume, along with its look and feel, all of which have worn well. The mission and premise of the book remain unchanged.

HOMOLOGICAL METHODS IN EQUATIONS OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS

Mentioning (co)homology theory in the context of differential equations would sound a bit ridiculous some 30–40 years ago: what could be in common between the essentially analytical, dealing with functional spaces theory of partial differential equations (PDE) and rather abstract and algebraic cohomologies? Nevertheless, the first meeting of the theories took place in the papers by D. Spencer and his school ([46, 17]), where cohomologies were applied to analysis of overdetermined systems of linear PDE generalizing classical works by Cartan [12]. Homology operators and groups introduced by Spencer (and called the Spencer operators and Spencer homology nowadays) play a basic role in all computations related to modern homological applications to PDE (see below).

General Relativity

General relativity is one of the cornerstones of classical physics, providing a synthesis of special relativity and gravitation, and is central to our understanding of many areas of astrophysics and cosmology. This book is intended to give an introduction to this important subject, suitable for a one-term course for advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students in physics or in related disciplines such as astrophysics and applied mathematics. Some of the later chapters should also provide a useful reference for professionals in the fields of astrophysics and cosmology.

HUMAN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

In review of a different text, Moses Hadas (1900–1966) remarked that “this book fills a much-needed gap.” Unlike the text he was referring to, the topic of human evolutionary biology deserves no such gap in our understanding. To identify one’s place in nature and to appreciate how humanevolution has been guided by the same evolutionary principles that guide other organisms is humbling and necessary. We are products of evolution, and this is reflected throughout our biol ogy and behaviors.

HIGH-ORDER ACCURATE METHODS FOR MAXWELL EQUATIONS

I would like to express my gratitude and deepest appreciation to Professor Eli Turkel for his guidance, counseling and for his friendship. Without his help and encouragement this work would never have been done. I wish to thank my parents and my sister Maya for their love, support and belief in my success, in spite of the thousands of kilometers between us. I would like to thank my colleagues at Tel Aviv University for their great help, friendship and hours of the scientific (and not too much scientific) discussions.

HENRI POINCARE´ AND RELATIVITY THEORY

The book presents ideas by H. Poincar´e and H. Minkowski according to those the essence and the main content of the relativity theory are the following: the space and time form a unique four-dimensional continuum supplied by the pseudo-Euclidean geometry. All physical processes take place just in this four-dimensional space. Comments to works and quotations related to this subject by L. de Broglie, P.A.M. Dirac, A. Einstein, V.L. Ginzburg, S. Goldberg, P. Langevin, H.A. Lorentz, L.I. Mandel’stam, H. Minkowski, A. Pais, W. Pauli, M. Planck, A. Sommerfeld and H. Weyl are given in the book. It is also shown that the special theory of relativity has been created not by A. Einstein only but even to a greater extent by H. Poincar´e. The book is designed for scientific workers, post-graduates and upper-year students majoring in theoretical physics.

HowBiology Shapes Philosophy NewFoundations for Naturalism

This book is a collection of papers on what I call “biophilosophy.” Because this term will be unfamiliar to most philosophers, and given that it has been used occasionally in the past in a variety of senses, it is appropriate to begin this book with a discussion of what I take it to mean and to justify its use. This discussion will prepare the ground for considering how, as this book’s title suggests, biology shapes philoso phy and the sense in which biophilosophy provides foundations fornaturalism.