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Архитектура ва шахарсозлик муаммолари

Ушбу тўпламда архитектура ва шахарсозликка оид илмий тадқиқот ишлари натижалари келтирилган.

ДРУЖЕСКИЕ ВСТРЕЧИ С АНГЛИЙСКИМ ЯЗЫКОМ

Автор предлагаемой книги в форме дружеской беседы с читателем излагает важнейшие разделы строя английского языка в постоянном сопоставлении с русским, иллюстрируя изложение таблицами, занимательными английскими текстами, остроумными схемами и рисунками, выполненными художником В. А. Гальбой. Второе издание (первое вышло в 1971 г. в издательстве «Лумина» почти вдвое больше по объему, богаче иллюстрировано. В нем осуществлены пожелания читателей, пользовавшихся первым изданием. Предисловие написано писателем Л. Успенским. Книга предназначена для лиц, самостоятельно занимающихся английским языком. Она поможет овладеть грамматикой, научиться строить фразы, необходимые для разговора по-английски.

ДЕРЕВЯННЫЙ КОНЬ

«Деревянный конь» — автобиографическая повесть. Ее автор, английский писатель и путешественник Эрик Уильямс (род. 1911), во время Второй мировой войны служил в авиации, был сбит в бою над территорией Германии, взят в плен и отправлен в немецкий лагерь для военнопленных. О пребывании в этом лагере и побеге из него Уильямс рассказал в нескольких книгах, опубликованных после войны; одна из них — «Деревянный конь» — заслужила наибольшую известность и в сокращенном виде предлагается учащимся.

Буюк ипак йўли

Асар олимлар, Буюк ипак йўли ва ундаги алоқалар билан шуғулланчи мутахассислар, давлат ходимлари, ўқитувчилар, талабалар ва кенг доирадиги китобхонлар учун фойдалидир.

COMBUSTION PHYSICS

In the past several decades, combustion has evolved from a scientific discipline that was largely empirical to one that is quantitative and predictive. These advances are characterized by the canonical formulation of the theoretical foundation; the strong interplay between theory, experiment, and computation; and the unified description of the roles of fluid mechanics and chemical kinetics. This graduate-level text incorporates these advances in a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental principles of combustion physics. The presentation emphasizes analytical proficiency and physical insight, with the former achieved through complete, though abbreviated, derivations at different levels of rigor, and the latter through physical interpretations of analytical solutions, experimental observations, and computational simulations. Exercises are designed to strengthen the student’s mastery of the theory. Implications of the fundamental knowledge on practical phenomena are discussed whenever appropriate. These distinguishing features provide a solid foundation for an academic program in combustion science and engineering.

CLASSICAL MECHANICS

The first edition of this text appeared in 1950, and it was so well received that it went through a second printing the very next year. Throughout the next three decades it maintained its position as the acknowledged standard text for the introductory Classical Mechanics course in graduate level physics curricula through- out the United States, and in many other countries around the world. Some major institutions also used it for senior level undergraduate Mechanics. Thirty years later, in 1980, a second edition appeared which was "a through-going revision of the first edition." The preface to the second edition contains the following statement: "I have tried to retain, as much as possible, the advantages of the first edition while taking into account the developments of the subject itself, its position in the curriculum, and its applications to other fields." This is the philosophy which has guided the preparation of this third edition twenty more years later. The second edition introduced one additional chapter on Perturbation Theory, and changed the ordering of the chapter on Small Oscillations. In addition it added a significant amount of new material which increased the number of pages by about 68%. This third edition adds still one more new chapter on Nonlinear Dynamics or Chaos, but counterbalances this by reducing the amount of material in several of the other chapters, by shortening the space allocated to appendices, by considerably reducing the bibliography, and by omitting the long lists of symbols. Thus the third edition is comparable in size to the second.

CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS for Undergraduates

The gradient of a function is most easily visualized for a two dimensional finction φ(x, y) where x and y are the latitude and longtitude and φ is the height of a hill. In this case surfaces of constant φ will just be like the contour lines on a map. Given our discovery above that the direction of the gradient is in the direction of steepest ascent and the magnitude is the slope in this direction, then it is obvious that if we let a smooth rock roll down a hill then it will start to roll in the direction of the gradient with a speed proportional to the magnitude of the gradient. Thus the direction and magnitude of the gradient is the same as the direction and speed that a rock will take when rolling freely down a hill. If the gradient vanishes, then that means that you are standing on a local flat spot such as a summit or valley and a rock will remain stationary at that spot

Classical Electrodynamics

This is a collection of my answers to problems from a graduate course in electrodynamics. These problems are mainly from the book by Jackson 3, hut appended are some practice problems. My answers are by no means guaranteed to be perfect, but I hope they will provide the reader with a guideline to understand the problems. Throughout these notes I will refer to equations and pages of Jackson and Duffin 2. The latter is a textbook in electricity and magnetism that I used as an undergraduate student. References to equations starting with a "D" are from the book by Duffin. Accordingly, equations starting with the letter "I" refer to Jackson. In general, primed variables denote vectors or components of vectors related to the distance between source and origin, Unprimed coordinates refer to the location of the point of interest.

CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS

Classical electromagnetic theory, together with classical and quan- tum mechanics, forms the core of present-day theoretical training for undergraduate and graduate physicists. A thorough grounding in these subjects is a requirement for more advanced or specialized training. Typically the undergraduate program in electricity and magnetism involves two or perhaps three semesters beyond elementary physics, with the emphasis on the fundamental laws, laboratory verification and elaboration of their consequences, circuit analysis, simple wave phenomena, and radiation. The mathematical tools utilized include vector calculus, ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients, Fourier series, and perhaps Fourier or Laplace transforms, partial differential equations, Legendre polynomials, and Bessel functions.

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Qo'lingizdagi risola ko'plab shu turdagi nashrlardan ingliz tilida yozma nutq ko'nikmalarini hosil qilish va shakllantirishga qaratilganligi bilan farq qiladi. Kitob garchi kimyo-biologiya mutaxassisligi bo'yicha ta'lim olayotgan talabalarga mo'ljallangan bo'lsa-da, ingliz tilini o'rganayotgan barcha qiziquvchilar uchun ham foydadan xoli emas. Umid qilamizki, qo'llanma ingliz tililidan bilim darajangizni oshirishga hissa qo'shgan manbalardan biri bo'lib qoladi.

АВТОМОБИЛЬ ТРАНСПОРТИ КОРХОНАЛАРИДА ХАРАЖАТЛАР ҲИСОБИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

Тадқиқот натижаларининг аҳамияти шундан иборатки, ишлаб чиқилган таклиф ва тавсияларнинг амалиётга татбиқ қилиниши автотранспорт хизматларини кўрсатувчи хўжалик юритувчи субъектларда ташкил этилган харажатлар ҳисоби усуллари, транспорт хизмат кўрсатиш тизими самарадорлиги ва бошқаруви борасидаги қарорларнинг илмий асосланганлик даражасини оширади.

CLASSICAL DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES AND SYSTEMS

The author has kept one popular feature of Jerry Marion's original book: the addition of historical footnotes spread throughout. Several users have indicated how valuable these historical comments have been. The history of physics has been almost eliminated from present-day curricula, and as a result, the student is frequently unaware of the background of a particular topic. These footnotes are intended to whet the appetite and to encourage the student to inquire into the history of his field.

АВТОМОБИЛЬ ТРАНСПОРТИ КОРХОНАЛАРИДА ИҚТИСОДИЙ ТАҲЛИЛНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

Дунё миқёсида транспорт хизматларининг ривожланиши миллий транспорт хизматларининг ривожланишига туртки бўлмоқда. Транспорт хизматлари ривожланиши барча соҳаларнинг тараққий этишига таъсир кўрсатади. Жаҳонда ишлаб чиқариш ва халқаро савдонинг харакатини белгиловчи таркибий силжишлар жаҳон автомобиль транспорти соҳасида содир бўлаётган ўзгаришлар билан бевосита боғлиқ. Автомобиль транспорти корхоналарини иқтисодий таҳлил қилиш орқали ўрганиш бўйича замонавий тадқиқотлар олиб бориш талаб этилиши ва бунга объектив эҳтиёжнинг шаклланиши ушбу тадқиқотнинг жаҳон миқёсида бирдек долзарблигини кўрсатади.

АВТОМОБИЛЬ ТРАНСПОРТИ КОРХОНАЛАРИ РАҚОБАТ САЛОҲИЯТИДАН САМАРАЛИ ФОЙДАЛАНИШ

Мамлакатимизда бугунги кунда автомобиль транспортини самарали ривожлантириш, замонавий ҳаракат воситалари билан етарли даражада таъминлаш ва рақобатбардошлигини ошириш юзасидан тизимли чора- тадбирлар амалга оширилмоқда. 2017-2021 йилларда Ўзбекистон Республикасини янада ривожлантиришнинг бешта устувор йўналиши Ҳаракатлар стратегиясида транспорт хизматларини кўрсатишни тубдан яхшилаш борасида алоҳида вазифалар белгилаб берилган.

CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS OF THE DAMPED HARMONIC OSCILLATOR

The relations between various treatments of the classical linearly damped harmonic oscillator and its quantization are investigated. In the course of a historical survey typical features of the problem are discussed on the basis of Havas classical Hamiltonian and the quantum mechanical Süssmann-Hasse-Albrecht models as coined by the München Garching nuclear physics group. It is then shown how by imposing a restriction on the classical trajectories in order to connect the Hamiltonian with the energy, the time-independent Bateman-Morse-Feshbach-Bopp Hamiltonian leads to the time-dependent Caldirola-Kanai Hamiltonian. Canonical quantization of either formulation entails a violation of Heisenberg's principle. By means of a unified treatment of both the electrical and mechanical semi-infinite transmission line, this defect is related to the disregard of additional quantum fluctuations that are intrinsically connected with the dissipation. The difficulties of these models are discussed. Then it is proved that the Bateman dual Hamiltonian is connected to a recently developed complex symplectic formulation by a simple canonical transformation. The fundamental commutator is still in error. Therefore it is demonstrated how, either separating the dual oscillators according to a modified version of Bopp's original treatment or reducing classical complex phase space by an integration over the mirror image subspace, a quantum continuity equation is obtained that leads to Dekker's master equation following the usual operator algebra. The dissipation induces additional fluctuations. The same density operator equation is shown to arise in quantum optics in the weak coupling limit.

AВТOМOБИЛЬ ТРAНСПOРТИ КOРХOНAЛAРИ ИНВЕСТИЦИOН ФAOЛИЯТИ СAМAРAДOРЛИГИНИ OШИРИШ

Жаҳонда иқтисодиётнинг етакчи тармоқларидан бири бўлган транспорт- коммуникация тизимларини илмий асосларда ривожлантиришга алоҳида аҳамият қаратилмоқда. Бу борада, жумладан қуйидаги устувор йўналишларда тадқиқотлар амалга оширилмоқда: инвестицион фаолиятни рағбатлантирган ҳолда хавфсиз, арзон ва кулай транспорт хизматлари кўрсатишни ижтимоий қўллаб-қувватлаш, инвестиция манбаларининг самарали воситаси сифатида давлат-хусусий шериклик ва ностандарт иқтисодий шароитларда транспорт харажатларини қоплаш механизмларини такомиллаштириш, минтақалараро ва жаҳон миқёсидаги лойиҳалар, масалан «Буюк ипак йўли» бўйича транспорт-коммуникация тизимларини янада ривожлантириш устувор масала сифатида қаралмоқда.