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Balancing Act : The New Medical Ethics of Medicine's New Economics Clinical

media or have become public through court hearings, all identifiable information used in case examples has been changed, and the structure of the case examples has been altered, so as not to identify the individuals involved. Instead, case examples have been constructed out of numerous clinical experiences so as to illustrate a general problem in bioethics, health care delivery or health care policy. Any similarity to actual individuals living or dead is purely coincidental. Also, though legal cases and principles are examined in this volume, there is no intention to provide legal advice. For legal advice there is no substitute for directly subvening the legal profession.

Balancing Act

With deep gratitude I acknowledge the colleague-friends who have read portions of this manuscript and shared their valued reflections. They have helped me enormously. They include: Robert Arnold, M.D., Howard Brody, M.D., Ph.D., Charles Dougherty, Ph.D., Howard Entman, M.D., Peter Jacobson, J.D., Erich Loewy, M.D., Thomas Kennedy, Ph.D., Laurence McCullough, Ph.D., Charles Pinches, Ph.D., Michael Rie, M.D., Lawrence Schneiderman, M.D., Margery Shaw, M.D., J.D. I would particularly like to thank those who have critically reviewed the manuscript in its entirety: Terrence Ackerman, Ph.D., H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., Ph.D., M.D., Leonard Fleck, Ph.D., Paul Menzel, Ph.D., Robert M. Nelson, M.D., Stuart Spicker, Ph.D., Stephen Wear, Ph.D., and several anonymous reviewers. The time, thought, and help they each so generously gave improved this volume immeasurably. While I therefore owe them great credit for its strengths, the book's flaws remain, of course, my own. And finally, I offer a special and very personal thanks to Tris Engelhardt. He has supported and encouraged my work since I was a graduate student - before I entered this profession, and long before he proposed (in a pub in Sydney, Australia) that I write this volume. Thank you, Tris.

ИСТОРИЯ

Учебно-методический комплекс подготовлен на основе типовой программы по предмету «История », утвержденной приказом АндГУ №1 от 30.08. 2022 года

Atlas of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology

This selection of the art of Dr. Frank H. Netter on neuroanatomy and neurophysiology is drawn from the Atlas of Human Anatomy and Netter’s Atlas of Human Physiology. Viewing these pictures again prompts reflection on Dr. Netter’s work and his roles as physician and artist. Frank H. Netter was born in 1906 in New York City. He pursued his artistic muse at the Sorbonne, the Art Student’s League, and the National Academy of Design before entering medical school at New York University, where he received his M.D. degree in 1931. During his student years, Dr. Netter’s notebook sketches attracted the attention of the medical faculty and other physicians, allowing him to augment his income by illustrating articles and textbooks. He continued illustrating as a sideline after establishing a surgical practice in 1933, but ultimately opted to give up his practice in favor of a full-time commitment to art. After service in the United States Army during the Second World War, Dr. Netter began his long collaboration with the CIBA Pharmaceutical Company (now Novartis Pharmaceuticals).

O‘ZBEKISTONNING ENG YANGI TARIXI

Mazkur o‘quv-uslubiy majmua Andijon davlat universiteti Kengashi qaroriga muvofiq, 2022-yil 30-avgustdagi 1-son bilan tasdiqlangan o‘quv dasturi asosida tayyorlandi.

MANBASHUNOSLIK VA TARIXSHUNOSLIK

Fan majmuasi O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy va O‘rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi tomonidan 2020 yil “25” asgustdagi БД-5120300-3.02 bilan ro‘yxatdan o‘tkazilgan “Manbashunoslik va tarixshunoslik” fani dasturi asosida tayyorlangan.

GEOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL ASIA

The educational-methodical complex of science is prepared on the basis of the subject program "World Geography", approved by the order of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan from August 25, 2018 No. 744 (appendix 4 to the order).

O‘ZBEKISTONNING ENG YANGI TARIXI

Mazkur o‘quv-uslubiy majmua Andijon davlat universiteti Kengashi qaroriga muvofiq, 2022-yil ___-avgustdagi 1-son bilan tasdiqlangan o‘quv dasturi asosida tayyorlandi.

UMUMIY PEDAGOGIKA

O‘quv uslubiy majmua Andijon davlat universitetining ilmiy-uslubiy kengashi tomonidan 2022-yil 29-avgustdagi 1-sonli yig‘ilishida tasdiqlangan “Umumiy pedagogika” fan dasturi asosida ishlab chiqilgan.

Тиббий билим асослари фанидан ўқув-услубий мажмуа

Ушбу ишчи ўқув фан дастури Ўзбекистон Республикаси Олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлигининг 2008 йил “20” феврал № 41-сонли буйруғи билан тасдиқланган ва № БД-1 рақами билан рўйхатга олинган. “Тиббий билим асослари” ўқув фан дастури асосида ишлаб чиқилди.

Immunologiya

Immunologiya fani umumiy ta’lim maktablarining bo’lajak o’qituvchilari – oliy o’quv yurtlari talabalarini pedagogik jihatdan tayyorlash programmasiga, shu kategoriyadagi mutaxassislar tayyorlash sifatini oshirish maqsadida kiritilgan.

Fizika fanidan

Fizika - asosiy tabiiy fanlarning biri bo’lib, u jonsiz tabiatning qonunlarini o’rganadi. Tabiatda sodir bo’ladigan hodisa va jarayonlar ma’lum qonunlar asosida ro’y beradi. Bu hodisalar va ularning qonuniyatlari orasidagi bog’lanishni o’rganish har bir fanning asosiy vazifasidir. Fizika sohasiga asosan, jismlarning o’zaro ta’siri va ularning harakat qonunlari hamda elektromagnit va yorug’lik bilan bog’langan hodisalar, atom va uning yadrosini o’rganish kiradi. Ammo fizika fanining aniq chegarasini hozirgi vaqtda ko’rsatish qiyin. Chunki har bir yangi ochilgan va ochilayotgan kashfiyotlar – fizikaning qo’llanish chegaralarini yanada kengaytirmoqda deb aytish mumkin. Fizikaning asosiy qonunlarini bayon etishdan avval ba’zi fizik tushunchalar bilan tanishamiz.

Биохимический контроль в спорте

Разнообразные биохимические исследования дают возможность определить, что мешает организму нормально функционировать, каково состояние отдельных его органов и систем.

Mehnat bozori iqtisodiyoti

Бозор иқтисодиётига ўтиш шароитида Ўзбекистонда амалга оширилаётган ижтимоий сиёсатнинг мухим йўналишларидан бири аҳолини иш билан бандлигини таъминлашдан иборатдир. Чунки, хар бир инсонга меҳнат қилиш хуқуқидан иложи борича тўлароқ фойдаланиши учун имкониятлар яратиш ижтимоий сиёсатнинг асосий вазифалари қаторига киради. Айни пайтда, иш билан бандликнинг ўсиши аҳоли турмуш даражаси ва даромадларнинг ошишини ҳам таъминлайди.

YOSH FIZIOLOGIYASI VA GIGIENA

Yoshga oid fiziologiyasi va gigienasi fanini biologiya bo’lmagan talabalarga mo’ljallangan. Oliy ta’limning normativ-huquqiy asoslari va qonunchilik me’yorlarni, ilg’or ta’lim texnologiyalari va pedagogik mahorat, ta’lim jarayonlarida axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalarini qo’llash, maxsus fanlar negizida ilmiy va amaliy tadqiqotlar, texnologik taraqqiyot va o’quv jarayonini tashkil etishning zamonaviy uslublari bo’yicha so’nggi yutuqlar inobatga olingan.

AIYRUV TIZIM FIZIOLOGIYASI

Odam va hayvonlarning aiyruv fiziologiyasi fanining dolzarbligi barcha hayotiy jarayonlarning organizm, tizim, to’qima va hujayra darajadagi gazlar va energiya almashinuv fukktsiyasi bilan bog’liqligidadir. Zamonaviy noinfektsion kasalliklarning (allergiya, astma va boshq) kelib chiqishi atmosfera ifloslanishining, gipodinamiya tufayli ayrish jarayonlarining izdan chiqishi bilan bog’liq. SHuningdek, “Aiyruv tizimi fiziologiyasi” fanining dolzarbligi yurak-qon tomir, asab, diabet, saraton, allergiya va boshqa kasalliklarni oldini olishda va davolashda ayrish funktsiyasining jadalligi bilan bog’likligi yotadi.