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Environmental Process and Production Methods (PPMs) in WTO law
Sifonios D.,This book examines the conditions under which PPM measures may be adopted under WTO law de lege lata and de lege ferenda. It analyses in detail the complex case law in this field and its evolution in the last 25 years, as well as the many doctrinal debates around PPM measures and their relevance in the light of the evolution of case law, both under the GATT and the TBT Agreement. Further, it also suggests an original approach to the interpretation of the relevant provisions of the GATT and the TBT Agreement in the context of PPM measures. The PPM issue has been one of the most debated topics in the trade and environment debate. Even though the US-Shrimp case showed that PPM measures are not prohibited per se under the GATT, many questions remain unanswered when it comes to the pre- cise conditions under which environmental PPM measures are justifiable under WTO law, for example in the field of trade measures relating to climate change mitigation efforts, natural resources management policies and biodiversity conservation measures.
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Space Security law
Abeyratne R.,Against the variegated background of bewilderment and cautious optimism that space transportation offers, this book begins with an exposé on international politics, the principles of which bear upon space transportation, as well as the closeness of air space and outer space, and activities that straddle both frontiers at the same time. It discusses current issues and possibilities of communications and transportation in outer space, as well as the liabilities and accountability of the key players of space exploration.
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The WTO Transit Regime For Landlocked Countries and its Impacts on Members' Regional Transit Agreements
Akbari S.,This book assesses Afghanistan's transit trade with Pakistan in the context of WTO transit regime for landlocked countries and its impacts on Members regional transit agreements. The key questions this book seeks to answer are the extent Afghanistan can benefit from WTO transit rules in demanding freedom of transit through the territory of Pakistan, how these rules influence the transit agreement concluded between Afghanistan and Pakistan, and finally how useful it would be to challenge Pakistan under the WTO dispute settlement system for its failure to provide Afghanistan freedom of transit and free access to and from the sea.
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Technical Barriers to Trade in "New Generation" RTAs and in the WTO Agreements
Romanchyshyna I.,This book examines the interplay between cooperation on technical barriers to trade (TBT) in free trade agreements and the multilateral framework of the World Trade Organization. In recent years, TBT, especially differences in standards, have attracted increased interest and have been addressed as part of the WTO+ negotiated agenda in trade agreements. Because of a number of political and legal constraints, the process of further cooperation at the WTO have been stalled, which made free trade agreements a central pillar in setting the agenda of international trade governance. This leads us to rethinking the interrelation between the WTO and free trade agreements and to questioning the role of both fora in the future of trade. The book examines some TBT provisions in free trade agreements and highlights their positive and problematic aspects when it comes to the WTO-consistency and the ideas of open and inclusive trade. It also suggests that a more optimal way forward would be to increase parallel work on TBT cooperation at the WTO, a more inclusive forum that could address issues of global significance, such as environmental protection and regulation of digital goods. The book explores the potential for trade agreements to advance the WTO agenda, but notes that the organization would need to adapt its institutional structure and governance in order to do so.
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European Yearbook of Constitutional Law 2020
Ballin H.E.,The European Yearbook of Constitutional Law (EYCL) is an annual publication devoted to the study of constitutional law. It aims to provide a forum for in-depth analysis and discussion of new developments in the field, both in Europe and beyond. This second volume examines the constitutional positioning of cities across space and time. Unrelenting urbanisation means that most people are, or soon will be, living in cities and that city administrations become, in many respects, their quintessential governing units. Cities are places where State power is operationalised and concretised; where laws and government policies transform from parchment objectives to practical realities. In a similar vein, cities are also places for the realisation of the constitutional rights and liberties enjoyed by individuals.
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Islam, Custom and Human Rights
Saeed L.,For the first time, the author has explored the intertwinement of written law, Islamic law, and customary law in the highly complex Afghan society, being deeply influenced by traditional cultural and religious convictions. Given these facts, the author explores how to bridge the exigencies of a human rights-driven penal law and conflicting social norms and understandings by using the rich tradition of Islamic law and its possible openness for contemporary rule of law standards. This work is based on ample field research in connection with a thorough analysis of the normative contexts. It is a landmark, since it offers broadly acceptable and thus feasible solutions for the Afghan legal practice. The book is of equal interest for scientists and practitioners interested in legal, religious, social, and political developments concerning human rights and regional traditions in the MENA region, in Afghanistan in particular.
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Transnational legal Activism in Global Value Chains
Maab S.M.,This open access book documents and analyses the various interventions - legal, political, and even artistic - that followed the Ali Enterprises factory fire in Karachi, Pakistan, in 2012. It illuminates the different substantive and procedural aspects of the legal proceedings and negotiations between the various local and transnational actors implicated in the Ali Enterprises fire, as well as the legal and policy reforms sparked by the incident. This endeavour serves to embed these legal cases and reform efforts in the larger context of human and labour rights protection and global value chain governance. It also offers a concrete case study relevant for ongoing debates around the role of transnational approaches in making human rights litigation, advocacy, and law reform more effective. In this regard, the book interrogates and critically reflects on such legal campaigns and local and transnational reform work with a view to future transformative legal and social activism.
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Die Europaische Union
Bieber,Thought-provoking and accessible in approach, this book offers a classic introduction to European law. Taking a clear structural framework, it guides the student through the subject's core elements from the creation of European law and its enforcement to the workings of the internal market. A flowing writing style combines with the use of illustrations and diagrams throughout the text to ensure the student understands even the most complex of concepts. This succinct and enlightening overview is required reading for all students of European law.
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Europaen law
Schutze,Thought-provoking and accessible in approach, this book offers a classic introduction to European law. Taking a clear structural framework, it guides the student through the subject's core elements from the creation of European law and its enforcement to the workings of the internal market. A flowing writing style combines with the use of illustrations and diagrams throughout the text to ensure the student understands even the most complex of concepts. This succinct and enlightening overview is required reading for all students of European law.
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International trade law
Trebilcock M.J.,"Who better to provide this highly accessible yet thorough introduction to international trade law than Michael Trebilcock, one of the world's pre-eminent scholars in the field. It introduces all of the important issues in contemporary trade law in straightforward language, capturing the critical details of each topic with both clarity and brevity. It can also serve as an excellent companion to the thick textbooks that accompany international economics or international trade law courses, or help anyone interested in this topic to understand the issues without slugging through legal and economics jargon that makes other sources less approachable.
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Gatt-wto
Senti R.,Mit dem Abschluss der Uruguay-Runde am 15. Dezember 1993 in Genf und der Unterzeichnung der Verträge im marokkanischen Marrakesch am 15. April 1994 hat das Allgemeine Zoll- und Han- delsabkommen (GATT) sowohl eine Fortsetzung als auch eine Erweiterung erfahren. Eine Fortsetzung, indem die neu geschaf- fene Welthandelsordnung die Grundregeln des GATT übernimmt, eine Erweiterung, indem diese Ordnung über den Güterhandel hin- aus nun auch den grenzüberschreitenden Dienstleistungsverkehr und den Schutz der geistigen Eigentumsrechte miteinbezieht. Die Abkommen werden nach Ratifizierung durch die Mitgliedstaaten voraussichtlich 1995/96 in Kraft treten.
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Die effektive Durchsetzung kapitalmarktrechtlicher Anspruche mittels Gruppenklage
Blagojevic D.,Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Sommersemester 2019 von der Juristi- schen Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin als Dissertation unter dem Titel „Die effektive Durchsetzung kapitalmarktrechtlicher Ansprüche mit- tels Gruppenklage" angenommen. Rechtsprechung und Literatur sind bis Juli 2019 berücksichtigt. Mein herzlicher Dank gilt zunächst meinem verehrten Doktorvater, Herrn Professor Dr. Lars Klöhn, LL.M. (Harvard) für die herausragende Betreuung dieser Arbeit. Er hat mich von Anfang an in meinem wissen- schaftlichen Interesse an dem Thema bestärkt und stand jederzeit als Dis- kussionspartner zur Verfügung. Herrn Professor Dr. Christoph Paulus, LL.M. (Berkeley) danke ich für die zügige Erstellung des Zweitgutachtens. Auch im Übrigen habe ich bei der Erstellung der Arbeit von vielen Sei- ten Unterstützung erfahren. Besonders danken möchte ich Herrn Profes- sor Dr. Hans-Peter Niedermeier, in Vertretung der Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung. für das großzügige Stipendium, das die Anfertigung dieser Dissertation er- möglicht hat. Dr. Rouven Eichten und Viola Pless schließlich verdanke ich etliche Anregungen, die eine wertvolle Bereicherung für diese Arbeit wa- ren. Gewidmet ist die Arbeit meinen Eltern, die mir bis heute rückhaltlos zur Seite stehen.
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International investment law
Subedi S.P.,The third edition of this acclaimed scholarly book offers an up-to-date, critical overview of the law of foreign investment, incorporating a thorough and succinct analysis of the principles and standards of treatment available to foreign investors in international law. It is authoritative and multilayered, offering an analysis of the key issues and an insightful assessment of recent trends in the case law, from both developed and developing country perspectives. A major feature of the book is that it deals with the tension between the law of foreign investment and other competing principles of international law. In doing so, it proposes ways of achieving a balance berween these principles and the need to protect the legitimate rights and expectations of foreign investors on the one hand, and the need not to restrict unduly the right of host governments to implement their public policy, including the protection of the environment and human rights, and the promotion of social and economic justice within the host country, on the other.
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Klausurenkurs im Europarecht
Musil A.,Der Klausurenkurs im Europarecht bereitet Studierende gezielt auf europarechtliche Klausuren in Pflichtfach und Schwerpunktbereich vor. Vorweg werden die allgemeinen Anforderungen im Rahmen europarechtlicher Klausuren und die wichtigsten Klausurkonstellationen dargestellt. Den Kern dieses Klausurenkurses bilden sodann 21 Fälle, denen jeweils Leitentscheidungen des EuGH und anderer Gerichte zugrunde liegen. Alle Klausurlösungen wurden für die 2. Auflage entsprechend dem Vertrag von Lissa- bon überarbeitet und an die neuen Regelungen von EUV und AEUV angepasst. Zudem wurden einige Sachverhalte aus der aktuellen Rechtsprechung neu hinzugefügt. Die entschiedenen Fälle sind klausurtechnisch aufbereitet und um angrenzende Problempunkte ergänzt, so dass jeweils komplette Klausuraufgaben und -lösungen ent- stehen. Deren Verwendungsmöglichkeiten als Prüfungs- leistung im Pflichtfach oder Schwerpunktbereich werden im Rahmen der Vorüberlegungen zu jedem Fall erläutert. Einschlägige Prüfungsschemata sowie ein Entscheidungs- verzeichnis runden die Klausurensammlung ab.
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Das Stimmverbot des GmbH-Gesellschafters in Deutschland und Europa
Riegen S.,Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde vom Fachbereich Rechts- und Wirtschafts wissenschaften der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz im Sommerse- mester 2018 als Dissertation angenommen. Das Rigorosum fand am 8. Juli 2020 statt. Literatur und Rechtsprechung zum deutschen Gesellschafts- recht sind bis einschließlich September 2020 berücksichtigt. Die Erstellung dieser Arbeit erfolgte während verschiedenen Lebenspha- sen in Hannover, Villingen-Schwenningen und Freiburg, vom Ende des Studiums über das Referendariat und schließlich berufsbegleitend wäh- rend meiner anwaltlichen Tätigkeit. Den zahleichen Personen, die mich in vielfältiger Weise unterstützt haben, sowie den Weggefährten, die mich während der Promotionszeit begleitet und motiviert haben, möchte ich an dieser Stelle herzlich danken.
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European Union Law
Barnard C.,Dispute Settlement Mechanisms (PTA-DSMs), which have been used to adjudicate general exception clauses within the context of the individual PTA Members' obligation to liberalize trade in goods. Although the results remain limited to the single issue of PTA-DSM adjudication for liberalization of trade in goods, they are indicative of key misconceptions regarding the fragmentation of ITL. As the findings confirm, the PTA-DSMs assessed have ultimately come to equivalent decisions, taking into consideration their overall use, the nature of the legal commitments embedded in the respective PTAs, and the economic wellbeing of the respective PTA partners. The book reveals the influence of specific PTA-DSMs on other PTA-DSMs and thereby paves the way for legal unification, rather than fragmentation.
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Freizugigkeit im Mehrebenensystem
Diebold F.N.,Freizügigkeit bedeutet «freier Personenverkehr>> und bezieht sich auf die Freiheit von Personen und Unternehmen, von ihrem Herkunftsort aus am Wirtschaftsleben in einem anderen Hoheitsgebiet teilzuneh- men. Darf etwa ein im Kanton Luzern selbstständig tätiger Rettungs- sanitäter auch Aufträge im Kanton Solothurn oder gar in Deutschland annehmen und ausführen (Freizügigkeitsrecht)? Und wie unterschei- den sich die Marktzugangsrechte innerhalb der Schweiz und im Ver- hältnis zur EU gegenüber dem EU-Recht (Mehrebenensystem)? Die Habilitationsschrift untersucht, wie die grundlegenden Prinzipien der Nichtdiskriminierung, der Nichtbeschränkung, der Anerkennung und der Herkunft die Freizügigkeit gewährleisten. Anhand von an- schaulichen Beispielen aus der Verwaltungspraxis und der Rechtspre- chung wird aufgezeigt, wie konkrete freizügigkeitsrechtliche Frage- stellungen anhand dieser Prinzipien zu beurteilen sind. Das Buch ist gleichermassen an die Praxis, Lehre und Wissenschaft gerichtet und bildet eine umfassende Quelle für Behörden, Verwaltungsgerichte, Rechtspraktiker und Akademiker, die sich mit der Anwendung des Binnenmarktrechts, der Wirtschaftsfreiheit, des Personenfreizügig- keitsabkommens und des europarechtlichen Freizügigkeitsrechts be- schäftigen.
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Vo'lkerrecht.
Stein T.,Die mit der kompletten Neubearbeitung in der 11. Auflage (2005) gewählte Struktur hat sich bewährt und bleibt auch in der 14. Auflage unverändert. Wie in der 12. Auflage (2009) und der 13. Auflage (2012) dient auch die 14. Auflage der Aktualisierung und damit der Einarbeitung aller seit der 13. Auflage hinzugekommenen neuen Entwick- lungen in allen völkerrechtsrelevanten Bereichen (Rechtsetzung, Rechtsprechung und Staatenpraxis). Aktualisiert wurden auch die weiterführenden Literaturhinweise vor den einzelnen Untergliederungen.
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Fragmentation of International Trade Law Reassessed
Wasilczyk P.,This book provides innovative and empirically based insights into the ongoing debate on the fragmentation of international trade law. It offers the reader a much-needed doctrinal overview of the different approaches to the issue of fragmentation and reveals their inherent methodological advantages and limitations. On this basis, the book then approaches the issue of fragmentation from an empirical standpoint by applying a novel dataset on Preferential Trade Agreements' Dispute Settlement Mechanisms (PTA-DSMs), which have been used to adjudicate general exception clauses within the context of the individual PTA Members' obligation to liberalize trade in goods. Although the results remain limited to the single issue of PTA-DSM adjudication for liberalization of trade in goods, they are indicative of key misconceptions regarding the fragmentation of ITL. As the findings confirm, the PTA-DSMs assessed have ultimately come to equivalent decisions, taking into consideration their overall use, the nature of the legal commitments embedded in the respective PTAs, and the economic wellbeing of the respective PTA partners. The book reveals the influence of specific PTA-DSMs on other PTA-DSMs and thereby paves the way for legal unification, rather than fragmentation.
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Environmental Policy, Non-Product Related Process and Production Methods and the Law of the World Trade Organization
Maggio A. R.,This book examines the issue of foreign investor misconduct in modern international investment law, focusing on the approach that international investment law as it currently operates has developed towards foreign investor misconduct. The term 'misconduct' is not a legal notion, but is used to describe a certain phenomenon, namely, a group/class of actions. This term is convenient since it makes it possible to introduce and describe the phenomenon as such, without a division into concrete types of conduct, like 'abuse of process, 'violation of national law', 'corruption, "investment contrary to international norms and standards, etc. The term 'misconduct' is intended to embrace various kinds of conduct on the part of foreign investors that the system of international investment law does not accept - such as that which it regards as illegal, against public policy, or otherwise inappropriate and triggers legal consequences. Rarely, however, does international investment law clearly articulate what it considers unacceptable investor conduct, and certainly not in any systematic fashion. As such, this book addresses the following questions: What types of investors' conduct are legally unacceptable? What mechanisms are available to deal with unacceptable investors conduct, and what are the legal consequences?